#FUNCTIONAL GROUPS CHEMISTRY FREE#

The first reported isolation of a carboxylic acid reductase (Car) came from Gross and Zenk in 1969 isolated from Neurospora crassa.

#FUNCTIONAL GROUPS CHEMISTRY FREE#

However, it is prudent to mention that there have been some preliminary reports on enzymes that reduce free carboxylic acids to aldehydes since they may have industrial appeal for large-scale batch reactor processes. G.E Arnott, in Comprehensive Organic Synthesis (Second Edition), 2014 8.11.2.5 EnzymaticД«iological methods for functional group interconversion are not typical choices for most synthetic chemists since the enzymes are often fairly specialized and expensive. On the other hand, when the experiment is finished, but before discarding waste, the remaining LiALH 4 reactive must be handled properly to avoid accidents. For the correct performance of this experiment, the glassware should be dry, the solvents should have undergone a previous treatment to remove traces of moisture, and the whole experiment should be conducted in an inert atmosphere with argon or nitrogen. With this protocol, only the reduction of the aldehyde group occurs, leaving the double bond unchanged.Д«ecause of the reactivity of LiALH 4, the reaction should be performed under anhydrous conditions in an inert atmosphere. In a second experiment, the addition of a suspension of LiALH 4 in dry diethyl ether to a solution of the aldehyde in the same solvent (inverse addition) is performed. Under these conditions, the simultaneous reduction of the carbonyl group and the double bond occurs because the reducing agent is in excess in the medium in which the reaction occurs. In a first experiment, the reaction is carried out by adding a solution of the aldehyde in anhydrous THF, over a suspension of LiALH 4 in THF, also anhydrous (direct addition). In this experiment, the conversion of cinnamic aldehyde is performed by reduction with LiALH 4 into two different products, depending upon the order of addition of reactants. The functional group interconversion (FGI) reactions are among the most common synthetic processes. Henar MartГnez-GarcГa, in Experimental Organic Chemistry, 2016 9.11.2 Background

Functional groups chemistry